The ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol), and ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) are fundamental protocols for the daily operation of networks, ensuring address resolution and error management for smooth and reliable communication. This lecture will explore in detail their functionality, usage, and importance in modern networks.
In this lecture, we discuss routing optimization techniques in networks using three fundamental algorithms: Bellman-Ford, Dijkstra, and Floyd-Warshall. These algorithms, especially Bellman-Ford and Dijkstra, which are widely used in routing protocols, allow for determining the shortest paths across a network by taking into account the costs and distances between nodes.
IPv4 packet fragmentation is an essential process in data transmission across a network. It ensures that data can be transmitted efficiently through heterogeneous networks while adhering to the size constraints imposed by various network devices (MTU).
When a packet is sent from a source to a destination, it often needs to traverse several intermediate networks with different MTUs. If the size of an IPv4 packet exceeds the MTU of an intermediate network, the packet must be fragmented into smaller fragments. Each fragment contains a portion of the original packet's data and is sent individually. Upon reaching the destination, the fragments are reassembled to reconstruct the initial packet. However, fragmentation can also lead to performance and security issues. Therefore, it is important to manage this process efficiently.